The term scialolitiasi refers to the inflammatory disease of the major salivary glands due to stone formation (scialoliti) or salivary ducts or in the parenchyma of the glands.
Calculations are made of calcium carbonate or calcium phosphate combined with other organic molecules. The mechanisms by which are formed are not clear, certainly the salivary stagnation and damage of ’ duct epithelium may promote precipitation of salts.
Involves in 80% of cases ’ the submandibular gland that is located in a lower position than at the mouth of its duct (Wharton duct) It also has a twisty. In 70% are radiopaque and can identify on CT or x-ray (lower sensitivity). In the remaining 30% the TC can see indirect signs of the presence of the calculation (upstream duct dilation of computation or fibrotic gland outcomes) and the calculation may be identifiable with ultrasound study.
In the first stage of the disease the calculations (often multiple in the submandibular gland) impede the flow of saliva and a major ’ gland swelling sore at meals that slowly tends to regress a few hours later. The skin may Redden and patients often after meals complaining about an important production of saliva (sialorrhea) due to the fact that the saliva gland empties produced.
Salivary stagnation due to the presence of calculation can encourage bacterial superinfection and you can then develop an acute sialadenitis, characterized by swelling and violent grief.
If the situation isn't resolved, the continuous injury causes a chronic inflammation of the gland (chronic sialadenitis) whereby the patient perceives a constant feeling of pain/discomfort and the gland remains tense.
In the early stages of the disease it is possible to facilitate the expulsion of ’ calculations by encouraging the patient to drink a lot, giving medicines Ant-edema or outpatient procedures or minor surgery. And’ can also try to remove the calculation with endoscopic surgery (scialoendoscopia).
Not acting on the causes that lead to the formation of the calculation is very frequent that the problem reoccur throughout life.
When the inflammation has ’-compression l ’ only option is to remove the diseased gland.
