The Act-swallowing begins as a voluntary act and is subsequently brainstem coordinated from the nucleus of the solitary tract and nucleus ambiguous.
Swallowing the bolo meets a series of sphincters: sores, Linguo-Palatal, velofaringeo, the larynx, m. cricopharyngeus (RE4), LES.
Extraoral preparation phase / anticipatory: food handling (cooking, preparation), sensory inputs with enabling reflections, sensory memory as preparation from harmful food.
Buccal or oral preparation phase: the food is welcomed, explored, chewed, the language controls the food and cleans the debris cable, you look at the anteriorisation of the soft palate with reduced risk of dropping food into the pharynx.
Oral procedure: the bolus is pushed by the tongue against the soft palate towards the isthmus of fauces, up to trigger the swallowing reflex. . Labial sphincter and dental arches are closed, m. buccal side furrows to avoid scattering toner.
Pharyngeal phase: Complex phase lasting one second that begins when the bolus, reached the front pillars Palatine, elicita the reflex of swallowing and triggers a cascade of motor functions coordinates: opening glossopalatale sphincter, velo-pharyngeal closure sphincter, beginning of the pharyngeal peristalsis, elevation of the hyoid bone and larynx and laryngeal sphincter closed, cricopharyngeal sphincter release.
Esophageal phase: Variable duration between 8 and 20 SEC. and characterized by Peristaltic waves of m. cranio-caudal progression with smooth
Gastric phase: Overcoming of six and further processing of bolus for gastric secretion, coordinate contractions of smooth m and upper and lower bowel tonic contraction.
